Malaysia has been at the forefront of the global movement for medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) for the past 30 years. This bio-based polymer is transforming industries and championing sustainability. What began as a laboratory experiment has evolved into a worldwide phenomenon, showcasing innovation driven by science with far-reaching implications.
The journey of mcl-PHA in Malaysia began with intensive research and groundwork. Early exploration into biopolymer synthesis via microbial fermentation revealed the immense potential of these processes. By utilising microorganisms such as Pseudomonas species, scientists developed methods to produce mcl-PHA using renewable carbon sources, including agricultural waste and industrial by-products. This process involves microbial fermentation, where microorganisms convert these substrates into biopolymers stored intracellularly. Once produced, the biopolymer is extracted, purified, and processed into various forms suitable for industrial applications. This breakthrough not only enabled scalable production but also highlighted Malaysia's capacity to bridge the gap between innovation and implementation in green technology.
Malaysia’s strategy for mcl-PHA development is deeply rooted in the principles of a circular economy. By focusing on the utilisation of locally available and renewable resources,
the country has established green manufacturing practices that foster economic growth while significantly reducing environmental impact. Agricultural by-products like palm oil mill effluent (POME) and other biomass waste streams have been repurposed as raw materials for mcl-PHA production. This approach creates a win-win scenario for waste management and sustainable product development, positioning Malaysia as a global leader in sustainable industrial practices.
The versatility of mcl-PHA has enabled its application across a wide range of industries, making it a game-changer in fields such as biomedical science, energy, and environmental conservation. In the biomedical industry, mcl-PHA is used to create biocompatible and biodegradable materials for medical implants, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds, reducing reliance on petroleum-based plastics. In the energy sector, mcl-PHA serves as a precursor for biofuels and bioplastics, contributing to renewable
energy solutions.
Environmental applications include its use in bioremediation to address pollution and as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics in packaging and single-use products. These innovative applications underscore the material’s adaptability and ability to address pressing global challenges.
Malaysia’s pioneering efforts in mcl-PHA research and innovation align closely with global sustainability goals, particularly the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By promoting sustainable industrial practices and eco-friendly manufacturing methods, the nation actively contributes to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). The use of renewable resources and the development of biodegradable materials directly address SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by reducing waste and fostering sustainable consumption patterns. Moreover, by offering alternatives to traditional plastics and reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional plastic production, Malaysia’s initiatives support SDG 13 (Climate Action).
The 30-year journey of mcl-PHA development in Malaysia serves as an inspiring example of what can be achieved when forward-thinking policies, scientific innovation, and environmental consciousness converge. It is a testament to the transformative potential of bio-based materials and the role they can play in building a sustainable future. Malaysia’s dedication to advancing mcl-PHA technology not only cements its position as a leader in green innovation but also serves as a model for other nations aspiring to align industrial growth with environmental stewardship.
Looking ahead, the potential for mcl-PHA remains boundless. Continued investment in research and development, coupled with strategic collaborations between academia, industry, and government, will further expand its applications and scalability. From tackling plastic pollution to creating sustainable supply chains, mcl-PHA’s journey is entering its next phase of development and innovation. As Malaysia’s pioneering work continues to inspire global efforts, it is evident that mcl-PHA will leave a lasting impact, shaping the future of industries and contributing to the well-being of our planet.
Researcher featured:
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Suffian Bin Mohamad Annuar
Institute of Biological Sciences
Faculty of Science, University Malaya
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Author:
Ms Tan Wei Nie
With a keen interest, Tan Wei Nie, a PhD candidate in law, enriches her studies by fusing science with narrative, uncovering connections between the two fields. Her passion for nature and staying active fuels her enthusiasm for life and learning, infusing her journey with unexpected thrills and excitement.
Copyedit:
Siti Farhana Bajunid Shakeeb Arsalaan Bajunid, Assistant Registrar, Universiti Malaya
Photo credits:
1. Customs Injection Molding Solutions website
2. Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Styrene and Phenylacetic Acid by Pseudomonas putida CA-3 - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Transmission-electron-micrograph-of-P-putida-CA-3-cells-containing-PHA-granules_fig1_7924472 [accessed 31 Dec 2024]
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